∰
Volume Integral
- Unicode
- U+2230
- Category
- Math
- HTML Entity
- ∰
- CSS
- \2230
The ∰ symbol represents a volume integral in advanced mathematics and physics. It features three integral signs intersected by a circle, specifically indicating integration over a closed three-dimensional boundary or surface. While rarely seen outside of academic papers and calculus textbooks, it remains a crucial notation for expressing fluid dynamics, electromagnetism, and complex geometric formulas.
How to Type
- Windows
- In Word: type 2230, then press Alt + X. Other apps have no standard Windows shortcut for it — copy it from this page
- macOS
- Control + Command + Space then search "volume integral"
- Linux
- Ctrl + Shift + U then 2230
- HTML
- ∰ or ∰
In Programming
In mathematical typesetting environments like LaTeX, this symbol is rendered using the \oiiint command. It is primarily used in computational physics software and academic documentation rather than standard programming logic.
Tags
3d closed integral
advanced calculus
analysis
calculus
closed volume integral
electromagnetism integral
fluid dynamics symbol
mathematics
oiiint LaTeX
physics integral
three integral circle
triple
volume integral
∰ symbol