∮

Math Operator 43

Unicode
U+222E
Category
Math
HTML Entity
∮
CSS
\222E
The ∮ symbol represents a contour integral in mathematics, specifically denoting a line integral taken over a closed curve or loop. Belonging to the Unicode Math Operators block, it is essential for digitally typesetting advanced physics formulas and calculus equations, such as Maxwell's equations. While rarely used in casual texting, it is a standard fixture in scientific documentation, engineering manuals, and educational materials.

How to Type

Windows
Alt + 8750 or Win + . then search "integral"
macOS
Control + Command + Space then search "contour integral"
Linux
Ctrl + Shift + U then 222E
HTML
∮ or ∮

In Programming

In mathematical typesetting, this symbol is commonly rendered using the \oint command in LaTeX to represent closed-loop integrals. Developers also use the Unicode character in string outputs for building custom mathematical rendering engines or scientific calculator interfaces.

Read full meaning article

Tags

calculus closed curve integral closed loop integral closed path complex analysis contour integral line integral line integral closed loop integral mathematics maxwell equations symbol oint LaTeX physics math symbol ∮ symbol

Related Symbols

± Plus Minus Sign × Multiplication Sign ÷ Division Sign ≠ Not Equal To ≈ Approximately Equal To ∞ Infinity √ Square Root ∑ Summation ∫ Integral π Pi ≤ Less Than or Equal To ≥ Greater Than or Equal To