∎
Math Operator 15
- Unicode
- U+220E
- Category
- Math
- HTML Entity
- ∎
- CSS
- \220E
The ∎ symbol, officially known as the "End of Proof" or "Tombstone" mark, is used in mathematics to visually indicate the conclusion of a formal proof. Popularized by mathematician Paul Halmos, it serves as a modern, space-saving replacement for the traditional "Q.E.D." abbreviation. While it reigns supreme in academic papers and textbooks, you might also spot it used creatively as a heavy, solid bullet point in distinct digital typography.
How to Type
- Windows
- Alt+8718
- macOS
- Control+Command+Space, then search "End of Proof"
- Linux
- Ctrl+Shift+U then 220E
- HTML
- &qed; or ∎
In Programming
In LaTeX typesetting and mathematical formatting, this symbol is generated using the \qedsymbol command (often via the amsthm package) to neatly close out proof environments.
Tags
Halmos tombstone meaning
QED alternative
black square math
end of proof
halmos
mathematical black square
mathematics
proof complete symbol
proof done symbol
qed
quod erat demonstrandum
solid square Unicode
tombstone